Graphene-Modified 3D Copper Foam Current Collector for Dendrite-Free Lithium Deposition

Juan Yu; Yangyang Dang; Maohui Bai; Jiaxin Peng; Dongdong Zheng; Junkai Zhao; Linbo Li; Zhao Fang

doi:10.3389/fchem.2019.00748

Graphene-Modified 3D Copper Foam Current Collector for Dendrite-Free Lithium Deposition

Front Chem. 2019 Nov 27:7:748. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00748. eCollection 2019.

Authors

Juan Yu^{1

2}, Yangyang Dang¹, Maohui Bai³, Jiaxin Peng¹, Dongdong Zheng¹, Junkai Zhao^{1

2}, Linbo Li^{1

2}, Zhao Fang^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ School of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, China.
² Shaanxi Province Metallurgical Engineering and Technology Research Centre, Xi'an, China.
³ School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, China.

Abstract

Lithium (Li) metal is regarded as the ideal anode for rechargeable Li-metal batteries such as Li-S and Li-air batteries. A series of problems caused by Li dendrites, such as low Coulombic efficiency (CE) and a short circuit, have limited the application of Li-metal batteries. In this study, a graphene-modified three-dimensional (3D) Copper (Cu) current collector is addressed to enable dendrite-free Li deposition. After Cu foam is immersed into graphene oxide (GO) suspension, a spontaneous reduction of GO, induced by Cu, generates reduced graphene oxide on a 3D Cu (rGO@Cu) substrate. The rGO@Cu foam not only provides large surface area to accommodate Li deposition for lowering the local effective current density, but also forms a rGO protective layer to effectively control the growth of Li dendrites. As current collector, the rGO@Cu foam shows superior properties than commercial Cu foam and planar Cu foil in terms of cycling stability and CE. The rGO@Cu foam delivers a CE as high as 98.5% for over 350 cycles at the current density of 1 mA cm^-2. Furthermore, the full cell using LiFePO₄ as cathode and Li metal as anode with rGO@Cu foam as current collector (LiFePO₄/rGO@Cu-Li) is assembled to prove the admirable capacities and indicates commercialization of Li-metal batteries.

Keywords: Li dendrite; Li metal anode; LiFePO4 cathode; current collector; rGO@Cu foam.