Impact of the 2005 and 2010 Spanish smoking laws on hospital admissions for tobacco-related diseases in Valencia, Spain

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the impact of the latest smoke-free legislation on hospital admission rates due to smoking-related diseases in Spain.

Study design: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate changes in hospital admission rates for cardiovascular, respiratory diseases, and smoking-related cancer in Valencia, Spain, during the period 1995-2013. Law 28/2005 and then law 42/2010 prohibited smoking in bars and restaurants as well as playgrounds and access points to schools and hospitals.

Methods: General population data by age and sex were obtained from the National Institute of Statistics census. Data on hospital admissions were obtained from the Minimum Basic Data Set. Diagnoses were codified according to the International Classification of Diseases-9th revision. Data from all hospitals of the Valencian Community from 1995 to 2013 were analysed. Trend analyses in the periods before and after the approval of the 2005 law were conducted using least-squares linear regression models.

Results: Adjusted hospital admission rates per 100,000 inhabitants for cardiovascular diseases significantly decreased after the 2005 Law (from 550.0/100,000 in 2005 to 500.5/100,000 in 2007), with a further decrease (to 434.6/100,000) in 2013, after the 2010 Law. Reductions in hospital admissions were seen in men and women, although declining trends were more marked in men. Hospital admission rates for respiratory diseases showed a reduction of a lower magnitude, whereas for smoking-related cancer admissions there was a slight decline only among men.

Conclusions: The Spanish comprehensive smoking ban resulted in a remarkable reduction of the adjusted rate of hospital admissions mainly associated to cardiovascular diseases. The decrease in the number of persons requiring in-patient care is relevant and may be viewed as an improvement of the public's health.

Keywords: Cardiovascular diseases/prevention and control; Health policy; Patient admission; Smoke-free policies; Smoking/prevention and control.