The research analytical study of scientific publications in Cochrane Library, Medline, Scopus, Pubmed, Google Scholar databases for the period from 2008 to 2018 was conducted. Modern views on the course of critical states are increasingly considering this process as the uniform mechanism with universal pathogenetic links that lead to the formation of multiple organ lesions, including the digestive system lesions. The contingent of newborns is the patients of high risk of this syndrome occurrence. The frequency of gastrointestinal insufficiency in neonatology makes 80%. The anatomical and functional features of newborns contribute to the development of the syndrome of gastrointestinal insufficiency. There is no clear classification, diagnostic and treatment algorithm of this syndrome. The residual stomach volume measurements when feeding, the abdominal circumference and intraabdominal pressure measurements are used as markers of gastrointestinal insufficiency syndrome in newborns. The additional methods are available X-ray, dopplerographia, electrogastrographia, manometria, phonenterographia, the studies of the fatty-acid-binding proteins, zonulin, β-defensins, calprotectin. The therapy of the gastrointestinal insufficiency syndrome in newborns include the evacuation of pathological intestinal content, detoxification, stimulation of intestinal motility, elimination of mesenteric blood flow violations, restoration of the intestinal microbiota, adequate energoplastic and cyto-energy homeostasis.
Keywords: newborns; gastrointestinal insufficiency syndrome; intensive care.