Predicting occupational allergy in culinary and hairdressing apprentices

Abstract

Background: Apprentices are usually exposed to the same workplace agents as qualified professionals. There is therefore a risk of the development of occupational allergy in apprentices exposed to high (HMW-A) and low molecular inhalant allergens (LMW-A).

Aims: To evaluate and compare the occurrence of work-related allergy-like symptoms in apprentices exposed to HMW-A and LMW-A in a culinary and hairdressing school during the first and second year of vocational training.

Methods: We asked culinary and hairdressing apprentices in their first and second year of vocational training to complete a questionnaire about work-related allergy-like symptoms. In first-year apprentices, we undertook spirometry, skin prick tests for occupational allergens and blood tests for allergen-specific Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies.

Results: Hypersensitivity to occupational allergens was more frequent in first-year apprentices exposed to HMW-A compared to LMW-A (P < 0.05). Apprentices exposed to LMW-A reported increasing occurrence of skin disorders and upper respiratory tract symptoms between the first and second years of training. First-year apprentices exposed to HMW-A more frequently reported rhino-conjunctivitis and dyspnoea (approximately P < 0.001 and P < 0.05) and those exposed to LMW-A more often reported skin symptoms (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: Periodic skin and respiratory health surveillance for apprentices exposed to LMW-A or HMW-A might help with early identification and management of occupational allergy.

Keywords: Apprenticeship; high molecular weight allergens; occupational allergy; vocational training.