Staphylococcus epidermidis Contributes to Healthy Maturation of the Nasal Microbiome by Stimulating Antimicrobial Peptide Production

Cell Host Microbe. 2020 Jan 8;27(1):68-78.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2019.11.003. Epub 2019 Dec 19.

Abstract

The composition of the human microbiome profoundly impacts human well-being. However, the mechanisms underlying microbiome maturation are poorly understood. The nasal microbiome is of particular importance as a source of many respiratory infections. Here, we performed a large sequencing and culture-based analysis of the human nasal microbiota from different age groups. We observed a significant decline of pathogenic bacteria before adulthood, with an increase of the commensal Staphylococcus epidermidis. In seniors, this effect was partially reversed. In vitro, many S. epidermidis isolates stimulated nasal epithelia to produce antimicrobial peptides, killing pathogenic competitors, while S. epidermidis itself proved highly resistant owing to its exceptional capacity to form biofilms. Furthermore, S. epidermidis isolates with high antimicrobial peptide-inducing and biofilm-forming capacities outcompeted pathogenic bacteria during nasal colonization in vivo. Our study identifies a pivotal role of S. epidermidis in healthy maturation of the nasal microbiome, which is achieved at least in part by symbiotic cooperation with innate host defense.

Keywords: Staphylococcus epidermidis; antimicrobial peptides; biofilm; immune evasion; innate immunity; microbiome; nose.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / biosynthesis*
  • Biofilms / growth & development
  • Cell Line
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Epidermal Cells
  • Female
  • High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
  • Host Microbial Interactions
  • Humans
  • Immunity, Innate
  • Male
  • Metagenomics
  • Microbiota / immunology*
  • Nasal Cavity / microbiology*
  • RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
  • Staphylococcus epidermidis* / isolation & purification
  • Staphylococcus epidermidis* / metabolism
  • Symbiosis
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides
  • RNA, Ribosomal, 16S