Factors associated with quality of life among community pharmacists in Lebanon: results of a cross-sectional study

Hala Sacre; Sahar Obeid; Georges Choueiry; Eva Hobeika; Rita Farah; Aline Hajj; Marwan Akel; Souheil Hallit; Pascale Salameh

doi:10.18549/PharmPract.2019.4.1613

Factors associated with quality of life among community pharmacists in Lebanon: results of a cross-sectional study

Pharm Pract (Granada). 2019 Oct-Dec;17(4):1613. doi: 10.18549/PharmPract.2019.4.1613. Epub 2019 Oct 28.

Authors

Hala Sacre¹, Sahar Obeid², Georges Choueiry³, Eva Hobeika⁴, Rita Farah⁵, Aline Hajj⁶, Marwan Akel⁷, Souheil Hallit⁸, Pascale Salameh⁹

Affiliations

¹ Drug Information Center. Lebanese Pharmacists Association; & National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology & Toxicology (INSPECT-LB). Beirut (Lebanon). halasacre@hotmail.com.
² National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology & Toxicology (INSPECT-LB); & Faculty of Philosophy, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK). Jounieh (Lebanon). saharobeid23@hotmail.com.
³ National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology & Toxicology (INSPECT-LB); & Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University. Hadath (Lebanon). georgecymail@gmail.com.
⁴ Faculty of Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK). Jounieh (Lebanon). eva.hobeika@hotmail.com.
⁵ National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology & Toxicology (INSPECT-LB); & Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University. Hadath (Lebanon). ritafarah15@gmail.com.
⁶ Laboratory of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacy and Quality Control of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University. Beirut (Lebanon). aline.hajj@hotmail.com.
⁷ National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology & Toxicology (INSPECT-LB); & School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University. Beirut (Lebanon). marwan.akel@liu.edu.lb.
⁸ National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology & Toxicology (INSPECT-LB); & Faculty of Medicine & Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK). Jounieh (Lebanon). souheilhallit@hotmail.com.
⁹ National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology & Toxicology (INSPECT-LB); & Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University. Hadath (Lebanon). pascalesalameh1@hotmail.com.

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the quality of life and the factors associated with it among community pharmacists in Lebanon.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out between March and July 2018, enrolling 435 pharmacists, using a proportionate random sample of community pharmacies from all districts of Lebanon. The validated Arabic translation of the Short-Form 12 (SF12v2) was used to derive 2 summary scores: physical and mental component summaries (PCS and MCS).

Results: Lebanese community pharmacists scored a mean PCS-12 and MCS-12 of 48.9 (SD 7.1) and 48.8 (SD 8.5), respectively. Higher age (Beta= -0.08), having a PhD degree (Beta= -4.54), higher depression score (Beta= -0.25), higher emotional work fatigue (Beta= -0.13) and higher physical work fatigue (Beta=-0.14) were significantly associated with lower physical QoL (lower PCS-12 scores). Increased stress (Beta= -0.17), higher insomnia (Beta= -0.21), higher depression (Beta= -0.2) and working for over 40 hours per week (Beta= -0.2) were significantly associated with lower mental QoL (lower mental MCS-12 scores).

Conclusions: Our research has found a strong correlation between quality of life and psychological factors, including stress, burnout, insomnia, and depression among community pharmacists.

Keywords: Burnout Professional; Depression; Fatigue; Lebanon; Multivariate Analysis; Pharmacies; Pharmacists; Quality of Life; Risk Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires.