Purpose: The role of methylprednisolone pulse therapy as adjuvant treatment of Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis complicated by cerebral infarction has rarely been reported.
Methods: We reported a case report and also performed a systematic literature review.
Results: A 1-year 2-month-old boy who presented with high fever, status epilepticus, and septic shock was diagnosed with cerebral infarction caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). He was treated with methylprednisolone pulse therapy and his clinical condition gradually improved thereafter. At the follow-up visit 1 year after discharge, he was able to sit without support, but he had moderate delays in speech and developmental milestones and epilepsy sequelae.
Conclusion: In severe cases, the use of high-dose methylprednisolone should be considered to modulate the inflammatory response in patients with severe cerebral infarction caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis.
Keywords: Cerebral infarction; Meningitis; Methylprednisolone; Streptococcus pneumoniae.