Impacts of Coal Use on Health

Annu Rev Public Health. 2020 Apr 2:41:397-415. doi: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040119-094104. Epub 2020 Jan 8.

Abstract

This article reviews evidence for the public health impacts of coal across the extraction, processing, use, and waste disposal continuum. Surface coal mining and processing impose public health risks on residential communities through air and water pollution. Burning coal in power plants emits more nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, and heavy metals per unit of energy than any other fuel source and impairs global public health. Coal ash disposal exposes communities to heavy metals and particulate matter waste. Use of coal in domestic households causes public health harm concentrated in developing nations. Across the coal continuum, adverse impacts are disproportionately felt by persons of poor socioeconomic status, contributing to health inequities. Despite efforts to develop renewable energy sources, coal use has not declined on a global scale. Concentrated efforts to eliminate coal as an energy source are imperative to improve public health and avert serious climate change consequences.

Keywords: climate change; coal combustion; coal mining; health disparities.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Air Pollution / adverse effects*
  • Coal / adverse effects*
  • Coal Mining*
  • Environmental Exposure / adverse effects*
  • Humans
  • Public Health / statistics & numerical data*
  • Risk Factors
  • United States
  • Water Pollution / adverse effects*

Substances

  • Coal