Elevated eosinophil level predicted long time to next treatment in relapsed or refractory myeloma patients treated with lenalidomide

Cancer Med. 2020 Mar;9(5):1694-1702. doi: 10.1002/cam4.2828. Epub 2020 Jan 16.

Abstract

Lenalidomide is an immunomodulatory drug that is administered commonly in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM). Eosinophils have immunological functions, for instance, in allergic diseases and asthma. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of elevated eosinophil levels in patients with RRMM treated with lenalidomide. A total of 59 patients were included. Elevated eosinophil level was defined as an increase in the eosinophil count of ≥250/µL from the eosinophil count on day 1 during the first cycle. The percentage of patients with elevated eosinophil levels was 22.0%. The overall response ratio in the elevated eosinophil group and nonelevated eosinophil group was 84.6% and 63.0% (P = .189), respectively. The median time to next treatment (TTNT) in the elevated eosinophil group was significantly longer than that in the nonelevated group (40.3 months vs 8.4 months; P = .017). Additionally, TTNT in the elevated eosinophil group with partial response (PR) or better was significantly longer than that in the nonelevated eosinophil group with PR or better (40.3 months vs 11.9 months; P = .021). We concluded that elevated eosinophil levels were frequently observed and might predict a longer TTNT in patients with RRMM treated with lenalidomide.

Keywords: chemotherapy; hematological cancer; immunology.

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / administration & dosage*
  • Disease Progression
  • Drug Resistance, Neoplasm / immunology
  • Eosinophils / immunology*
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Humans
  • Lenalidomide / administration & dosage*
  • Leukocyte Count
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Multiple Myeloma / blood
  • Multiple Myeloma / drug therapy*
  • Multiple Myeloma / immunology
  • Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / blood
  • Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / drug therapy*
  • Neoplasm Recurrence, Local / immunology
  • Predictive Value of Tests
  • Prognosis
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Time Factors
  • Time-to-Treatment / statistics & numerical data*

Substances

  • Lenalidomide