Quantitative distribution and interaction of Salmonella Zega with host cells in visceral organs of chickens infected orally, intraperitoneally and per cloaca

Fakilahyel Musa Mshelbwala; Najume Doguwar Giginya Ibrahim; Shehu Naallah Saidu; Emmanuel Gbenga Babatunde; Amina Kinta Fakilahyel Kadiri; Funmilola Clara Thomas; Clara Nna Kwanashie; Michael Agbaje

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03180

Quantitative distribution and interaction of Salmonella Zega with host cells in visceral organs of chickens infected orally, intraperitoneally and per cloaca

Heliyon. 2020 Jan 10;6(1):e03180. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03180. eCollection 2020 Jan.

Authors

Fakilahyel Musa Mshelbwala¹, Najume Doguwar Giginya Ibrahim², Shehu Naallah Saidu³, Emmanuel Gbenga Babatunde¹, Amina Kinta Fakilahyel Kadiri³, Funmilola Clara Thomas⁴, Clara Nna Kwanashie⁵, Michael Agbaje⁶

Affiliations

¹ Department of Veterinary Pathology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
² Department of Veterinary Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
³ Department of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
⁴ Department of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
⁵ Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
⁶ Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.

Abstract

Immunohistochemical study of the visceral organs of chickens experimentally infected with Salmonella Zega by three routes was carried out to compare the quantitative distribution and interaction of the organism with host cells. 100 birds comprising of 2 week-old chickens were divided into 4 groups of 25 each. Group A was inoculated orally, group B intraperitoneally, group C were administered per cloaca and D were not inoculated and served as control. All the infected birds were inoculated with 0.2 ml of 1 × 10⁸ cfu of the bacteria. Two birds from each group were sacrificed every 24 h post infection. Samples of visceral organs were collected for immunohistochemistry. The distribution of Salmonella Zega in every organ was taken as Mean ± SD of the number of foci of immunoreactions and Compared using a 2-way ANOVA. The interaction of Salmonella Zega with host cells was determined by taking the percentage of the days post infection in which immunoreactions were detected in host cells in each route of infection. The distribution of the organism was highest in the lung of intraperitoneally infected chickens (83.95 ± 27.89) and lowest in the heart (5.21 ± 3.65) of chickens that were infected per cloaca. The highest percentage of interaction of Salmonella Zega was recorded in the epithelial (100%) and blood (100%) cells in all the routes of infection. There were variations in the distribution of Salmonella Zega in visceral organs of chickens but the level of interactions with host cells were similar even when infected through different routes.

Keywords: Agriculture; Biological sciences; Cells; Chickens; Distribution; Environmental science; Health sciences; Infection; Interaction; Organs; Salmonella Zega; Veterinary medicine.