Measurement of Outlet Pressures Favors Rib Resection for Decompression of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Abstract

Background: When conservative therapy for thoracic outlet syndrome fails, scalenectomy with or without first-rib resection (FRR) is the treatment of choice. We measured pressure in the costoclavicular space before and after FRR at time of neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome release to evaluate whether FRR is required to completely decompress the costoclavicular space.

Methods: Using a supraclavicular exposure for anterior-middle scalenectomy with FRR, costoclavicular space pressures were measured using a balloon catheter with the patient's arm in neutral anatomic position, secondarily, the arm abducted and externally rotated. Pressures were recorded in both arm positions before scalenectomy, after scalenectomy, and after FRR. Paired Student's t test was used to compare differences in group means for paired samples. Patient-reported outcomes were reported using the Derkash classification and quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (qDASH) questionnaire.

Results: Fifteen patients (16 cases) surgically treated for neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome were included in this retrospective study. There was no significant difference in pressure change between arm positions before scalenectomy (161.56 ± 71.65 mm Hg difference) or after scalenectomy (148.5 ± 80.24 mm Hg difference). There was a significant difference in pressure change between post-scalenectomy and post-FRR arm positions; mean pressure change between arm positions after FRR was 50.56 ± 40.28 mm Hg. Mean postoperative qDASH score was 20 ± 23.2. All patients reported improvement in symptoms and functional status.

Conclusions: Supraclavicular first rib resection for management of neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome can be safely performed with favorable outcomes. The pressure increase in the costoclavicular space caused by arm abduction and external rotation was significantly reduced only after FRR, raising concerns about potential incomplete costoclavicular space decompression with scalenectomy alone for neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome management.