Introduction: The larynx is the most common site of neuroendocrine tumors in the head and neck region. Tumors are divided morphologically into epithelial-derived tumors (carcinomas) and neural-derived tumors (paragangliomas). The classification of neuroendocrine tumors has evolved over the past two decades.
Objectives: To investigate the incidence and histological types of laryngeal tumors in Israel. To evaluate laryngeal neuroendocrine tumors treated at a single tertiary referral center, while describing current classification and controversies.
Methods: Retrospective investigation was conducted of laryngeal tumors treated at Hadassah University Hospital between the years 2007 and 2016. Analysis was performed of all cases diagnosed in Israel between 2005 and 2014. Previous and current classifications of laryngeal neuroendocrine tumors were reviewed.
Results: Two hundred and twenty new laryngeal cancers were diagnosed on average annually in Israel during the study period. Squamous cell carcinoma consisted in most cases (95%); yet, no documentation of neuroendocrine tumors was noted. Three patients, in their fifties, were treated for laryngeal neuroendocrine tumors at Hadassah. Tumors consisted of paraganglioma, typical carcinoid and small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma. Investigation, treatment, outcome, and classification are described.
Conclusions: This is the first description of laryngeal neuroendocrine tumors in Israel. The lack of clarity for diagnosis, documentation and classification of this rare, heterogenic group of tumors, described worldwide, was noted in Israel as well. A multidisciplinary team, including experienced pathologists, radiologists, head and neck surgeons and oncologists, is mandatory for providing the best patient care.