Implementing magnification during pre-clinical training: Effects on procedure quality and working posture

Eur J Dent Educ. 2020 Aug;24(3):425-432. doi: 10.1111/eje.12517. Epub 2020 May 2.

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of magnification on the quality of two pre-clinical procedures, class I cavity preparations and composite resin restorations, and to evaluate the working posture.

Methods: This was an experimental laboratory study. The response variables were the quality of cavity preparations and Class I restorations as well as the working posture adopted during the execution of these procedures. The independent variables were the magnification system under four levels (unaided visualisation, the use of a simple loupe, the use of a Galilean loupe and the use of a Keplerian loupe) and the artificial teeth treated. Class I cavity preparations and restorations (N = 320) were performed using standardised procedures, and the quality achieved was evaluated using pre-established criteria. Working posture was recorded using digital video cameras and was evaluated using the Compliance Assessment of Dental Ergonomic Posture Requirements (CADEP). A two-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple comparison test were performed (α = 0.05).

Results: The quality of cavity preparation did not differ significantly amongst the different magnification systems (P = 0.082). Galilean and Keplerian systems had a positive impact on restoration quality only for the left mandibular first molar (P = 0.04). Higher posture scores were observed when Galilean and Keplerian loupes (P = 0.01) were used, regardless of the tooth being treated.

Conclusion: The use of Galilean and Keplerian magnification lenses did not affect the quality of the pre-clinical procedures performed whilst improved the scores of ergonomic posture.

Keywords: ergonomics; magnification; occupational health; restorative procedures; visual acuity.

MeSH terms

  • Dental Care
  • Dental Cavity Preparation
  • Dental Restoration, Permanent
  • Education, Dental*
  • Ergonomics
  • Humans
  • Lenses*
  • Posture