[The role of nutritional factors and food allergy in the development of psoriasis]

Abstract

Psoriasis is a chronic relapsing disease that affects about 2% of the world's population and leads to medical and social losses. There is evidence of the effect of nutritional factors on the course of psoriasis in modern literature. The aim of the research was to analyze modern domestic and foreign literature on the role of nutritional factors, food allergies and the state of the gastrointestinal tract in the etiopathogenesis of psoriasis Material and methods. The electronic resources were used in preparing the article: the PubMed/MEDLINE portal, "Scientific Electronic Library eLIBRARY.RU". The following filters and keywords were requested: psoriasis and nutrition, food allergies and psoriasis, gastrointestinal manifestations and psoriasis, diet and psoriasis, obesity and psoriasis. Results and discussion. The role of nutrition as a predictor of the development of psoriatic skin rashes and exacerbation of the disease has been discussed. The mechanisms of the positive influence of the correction of metabolic disorders on skin processes in patients with psoriasis have been analyzed. It has been noted that further studies are needed to study the effectiveness of a lowcalorie diet for psoriasis treatment. Particular attention has been paid to the role of food allergy and pathology of the gastrointestinal tract in the etiopathogenesis of psoriatic disease. It is noted that in patients with psoriasis, structural and functional disorders in the gastrointestinal tract are observed, which lead to metabolic changes, endotoxinemia and autosensitization of the body. The role of intolerance to certain foods in the development of psoriasis has been discussed. Most of the available data indicate a high incidence of celiac disease and gluten intolerance in patients with psoriasis, however, information about the effectiveness of a gluten-free diet is controversial. Attention is drawn to the "non-celiac gluten sensitivity" associated with psoriasis, which represents a syndrome of neither allergic nor autoimmune genesis, which is manifested by gluten intolerance and characterized by symptoms similar to celiac disease. An increase in the frequency of occurrence of a high concentration of specific IgE to potato and carrot allergens in patients with psoriasis is noted, which most likely reflects cross-reactions with pollen allergens. An interesting hypothesis is the discussion of a lesion of the gastrointestinal tract in the presence of food allergies in patients with psoriasis, which may be a reflection of the systemic dermatogastrointestinal process and manifest psoriatic rashes on the skin. The mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect associated with adhering to the Mediterranean diet for psoriasis is described in detail. Conclusion. The data presented allow us to consider the role of nutrition in the etiopathogenesis of psoriasis as significant, both from the point of view of the influence of nutritional factors and food allergens, that must be taken into account when prescribing therapeutic nutrition and elimination diet in combination with standard systemic therapy.

Keywords: celiac disease; food allergy; gastrointestinal tract; low-calorie diet; nutrition; psoriasis.