Background: While home-based exergames help overcome accessibility barriers to rehabilitation, it is unclear what constitutes effective intervention design in using exergames to support self-efficacy and engagement.
Objective: Examine usage of an in-home exergame, compared to control, unsupervised after supervised training by older persons with lower-limb amputation.
Study design: Secondary analysis of a multi-site parallel evaluator-masked randomized control trial.
Methods: WiiNWalk uses the WiiFit and teleconferencing for in-home group-based exergame therapy with clinical supervision. Participants engaged in a 4-week supervised training phase followed by a 4-week unsupervised phase in experimental (WiiNWalk) and attention control groups. Usage between phases and between groups was compared using unsupervised/supervised ratio of session count (over 4 weeks) and session time (mean min/session over 4 weeks) for each phase.
Results: Participants: n=36 experimental, n=28 control, unilateral lower-limb amputation, age > 50 years, prosthesis usage ≥ 2 hours/day. Session count ratio unsupervised/supervised, median and interquartile range (IQR), was less than parity (p<0.01) for experimental (0.25, IQR 0.00 -0.68) and control (0.18, IQR 0.00 -0.67) groups, with no different between groups (p=0.92). Experimental session time unsupervised/supervised showed consistency (1.12, IQR 0.80 -1.41) between phases (p=0.24); control showed lower (0.76, IQR 0.57 -1.08) ratios compared to experimental (p=0.027).
Conclusions: Unsupervised exercise duration remained consistent with supervised, but frequency was reduced. Social and clinical guidance features may remain necessary for sustained lower-limb amputation exergame engagement at home.
Clinical relevance: This study provides context regarding when prosthesis users are more likely to use exergames such as Wii Fit for exercise therapy. Clinicians may consider our results when applying exergames in their practice or when developing new exergame intervention strategies.
Keywords: Exergame; Wii Fit; lower-limb amputation; telerehabilitation; usage.