Information need, learning need and educational need, definitions and measurements: A systematic review

Abstract

Background: There are various definitions and tools for Information Need (IN), Learning Need (LN) and Educational Need (EN) which are used interchangeably in the patient education.

Objective: Clarifying the definitions of IN, LN and EN as well as comparing item generation methods and the dimensions of the available tools to be used appropriately.

Methods: We searched PubMed/Scopus/Embase/Science Direct databases from 1960 to 2019. Two reviewers selected studies and extracted data independently.

Results: We identified 22 tools comprised of 14 IN, 5 LN and 3 EN tools. The Patient Learning Needs Scale (PLNS) was the only general tool. The content of tools includes anatomy, physiology, diagnostic tests, symptoms, treatments, medications, diet, activity and self-care. No difference was found between EN/LN/IN tools in terms of item generation and dimensions according to their concept definitions. Seven tools assessed all 7 domains of patient education components.

Conclusion: The EN, LN and IN are different concepts, but using these concepts in the tools is not based on their definitions and they have been used interchangeably. IN and LN tools were more complete and comprehensive.

Practical implications: The findings of this review can help researchers and clinicians to use EN, LN and IN tools more appropriately.

Keywords: Educational need; Information need; Learning need; Measurement tools; Patient education; Systematic review.