Objective: To deliver macro understanding of the latest research progress on clinical trials and approved products of cancer drugs in China in 2019. Methods: The number of clinical trials and related investigational products by domestic and foreign enterprises in 2019 were acquired in the China Food and Drug Administration Registration and Information Disclosure Platform for Drug Clinical Studies, while listed drugs were obtained in the China Food and Drug Administration Query System for Domestic and Imported Drug. Characteristics on stage, scope, indication of those trials, classification and mechanism of involved products, as well as listed anticancer drugs were summarized and depicted. Results: There were 474 cancer drug trials registered in China in 2019, accounting for 21.8% of the total, and 397 (83.8%) were initiated by domestic pharmaceutical enterprises. Overall, international multicenter trials accounted for 13.1%, and phase I trials accounted for 47.3%. Compared with global enterprises, the proportion of international multi-center trials initiated by domestic companies is lower (4.8% vs. 55.8%, P<0.001), and the proportion of phase I clinical trials and bioequivalence trials is higher (51.9% vs. 23.4%, 19.4% vs. 1.3%, P<0.001). An accumulative of 27 cancer types were involved for all the cancer drug trials, and lung cancer, solid tumor, and breast cancer were the most common cancer types, with 103, 95 and 49 trials, respectively. For the three cancer types unique to Chinese population, gastric, liver and esophageal cancer, the total number of initiated trials was 47. For all those trials, there were 335 cancer drug varieties, with 86.0% developed by domestic pharmaceutical enterprises, including 300 therapeutic drugs, 30 adjunctive drugs and 5 preventive drugs. In terms of mechanism, targeted drugs and immune drugs were the most popular, accounting for 74.6% and 20.3%, respectively. In addition, 17 anticancer drugs targeting on 11 cancer types were approved in China in 2019. Conclusions: Clinical trials on cancer drugs in China have ushered a booming era, with large number of innovative agents represented by targeted drugs and immune drugs under clinical development or putting into clinical practice. Those local enterprises are playing more and more critical roles. Strengthening clinical research and development on Chinese unique cancer types is the key direction of future work.
目的： 宏观了解2019年中国肿瘤药物临床试验开展及抗肿瘤药物上市情况。 方法： 自中国国家食品药品监督管理总局药物临床试验登记与信息公示平台登记数据库提取2019年登记的肿瘤药物临床试验和相关试验药品信息，从中国国家药品监督管理局国产药品及进口药品数据查询系统收集2019年抗肿瘤药物的上市信息，汇总分析肿瘤药物临床试验的数量、试验分期、试验范围、适应证、药物类型、作用机制等以及上市肿瘤药物情况。 结果： 2019年中国共登记了474项肿瘤药物临床试验，占同期全部药物临床试验的21.8%，其中由国内制药企业发起397项(83.8%)，国际多中心试验62项(13.1%)，Ⅰ期临床试验所占比例(47.3%)最高。国内制药企业发起的国际多中心试验所占比例为4.8%，低于全球制药企业(55.8%，P<0.001)，Ⅰ期临床试验和等效性试验所占比例(51.9%和19.4%)高于全球制药企业(23.4%和1.3%, P<0.001)。肿瘤药物临床试验共涉及27种肿瘤，肺癌、实体瘤、乳腺癌为最常见的适应证，分别有103、95和49项相关药物临床试验。我国三大特色肿瘤——胃癌、肝癌和食管癌的相关药物临床试验共计47项。临床试验共涉及335种肿瘤试验药物，其中288种(86.0%)由国内制药企业开发，47种(14.0%)由全球制药企业开发。药物类型以原研药为主，原研药占72.2%(242/335)；药物作用以治疗为主，肿瘤治疗药占89.6%(300/335)；作用机制以靶向治疗和免疫治疗为主，分别占74.6%(250/335)和20.3%(68/335)。国内制药企业开发的药物中，原研药占68.4%，低于全球制药企业的95.7%，差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。2019年，有针对11种肿瘤的17种抗肿瘤药物在中国获批上市。 结论： 中国肿瘤药物临床试验已进入蓬勃发展时期，以靶向药和免疫药为代表的大量创新药物进入试验及临床，本土制药企业已成为肿瘤药物研发的重要力量。针对中国高发肿瘤加强药物研发是未来的重点工作方向。.
Keywords: China; Clinical trial; Drug; Neoplasm.