Lung Endothelial Transcytosis

Compr Physiol. 2020 Mar 12;10(2):491-508. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c190012.

Abstract

Transcytosis of macromolecules through lung endothelial cells is the primary route of transport from the vascular compartment into the interstitial space. Endothelial transcytosis is mostly a caveolae-dependent process that combines receptor-mediated endocytosis, vesicle trafficking via actin-cytoskeletal remodeling, and SNARE protein directed vesicle fusion and exocytosis. Herein, we review the current literature on caveolae-mediated endocytosis, the role of actin cytoskeleton in caveolae stabilization at the plasma membrane, actin remodeling during vesicle trafficking, and exocytosis of caveolar vesicles. Next, we provide a concise summary of experimental methods employed to assess transcytosis. Finally, we review evidence that transcytosis contributes to the pathogenesis of acute lung injury. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:491-508, 2020.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Actin Cytoskeleton / metabolism*
  • Animals
  • Biological Transport
  • Capillary Permeability
  • Caveolae / metabolism*
  • Endothelial Cells / metabolism
  • Endothelial Cells / physiology*
  • Humans
  • Lung / cytology
  • Lung / metabolism
  • Lung / physiology*
  • Transcytosis / physiology