Species distribution of the main aetiologic agents causing skin dermatophytosis in Colombian patients: A 23-year experience at a Mycological Reference Center

Mycoses. 2020 May;63(5):494-499. doi: 10.1111/myc.13073. Epub 2020 Mar 22.

Abstract

Background: Dermatophytosis is one of the most frequent superficial mycoses in the world.

Main aim: To describe the cases of skin dermatophytosis and its main aetiologic agents in patients referred to a Mycological Reference Laboratory in Medellín, Colombia.

Methods: A retrospective study was carried out with records of patients referred between 1994 and 2016 to the Corporación para Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB), Medellín-Colombia, because of clinical suspicion of skin dermatophytosis.

Results: Of a total of 5628 clinical records of patients with suspicion of skin dermatophytosis analysed, 2780 (49.4%) had a proven or probable dermatophytosis diagnosis, 2774 cultures were performed, and aetiologic agents were isolated in 2576 samples (92.9%). The most frequently isolated aetiologic agents were Trichophyton rubrum (44.3%), followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex (33.3%), Epidermophyton floccosum (12.4%), Nannizzia gypseum complex (5.7%, formerly Microsporum gypseum), Microsporum canis (3.5%) and Trichophyton tonsurans (0.8%). The most frequent clinical forms were tinea pedis (72.7%) and tinea corporis (12.7%). In addition, a group of patients (0.9%) developed mixed infections by two dermatophyte agents and another (4.1%) developed infections in more than one anatomical site.

Conclusions: The results of the present study are coherent with previous reports where T rubrum and T mentagrophytes complex were the main causative agents of dermatophytosis. However, the increased incidence of N gypsea complex over M canis is worth highlighting.

Keywords: Epidermophyton; Microsporum; Nannizzia; Trichophyton; dermatophytosis; tinea.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Arthrodermataceae / classification
  • Arthrodermataceae / isolation & purification
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Colombia / epidemiology
  • Dermatomycoses / epidemiology*
  • Dermatomycoses / microbiology
  • Epidermophyton / classification
  • Epidermophyton / isolation & purification
  • Fungi / classification
  • Fungi / isolation & purification*
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Male
  • Microsporum / classification
  • Microsporum / isolation & purification
  • Middle Aged
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Skin / microbiology
  • Skin / pathology
  • Tinea / epidemiology
  • Tinea / microbiology*
  • Trichophyton / classification
  • Trichophyton / isolation & purification
  • Young Adult