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. 2020 Mar 13;4(1):e59-e65.
doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1705137. eCollection 2020 Jan.

Modified IMPROVE VTE Risk Score and Elevated D-Dimer Identify a High Venous Thromboembolism Risk in Acutely Ill Medical Population for Extended Thromboprophylaxis

Alex C Spyropoulos  1 , Concetta Lipardi  2 , Jianfeng Xu  2 , Colleen Peluso  2 , Theodore E Spiro  3 , Yoriko De Sanctis  3 , Elliot S Barnathan  2 , Gary E Raskob  4
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Free PMC article

Modified IMPROVE VTE Risk Score and Elevated D-Dimer Identify a High Venous Thromboembolism Risk in Acutely Ill Medical Population for Extended Thromboprophylaxis

Alex C Spyropoulos et al. TH Open. .
Free PMC article

Abstract

An individualized approach to identify acutely ill medical patients at increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and a low risk of bleeding to optimize the benefit and risk of extended thromboprophylaxis (ET) is needed. The International Medical Prevention Registry on Venous Thromboembolism (IMPROVE) VTE risk score has undergone extensive external validation in medically ill patients for in-hospital use and a modified model was used in the MARINER trial of ET also incorporating an elevated D-dimer. The MAGELLAN study demonstrated efficacy with rivaroxaban but had excess bleeding. This retrospective analysis investigated whether the modified IMPROVE VTE model with an elevated D-dimer could identify a high VTE risk subgroup of patients for ET from a subpopulation of the MAGELLAN study, which was previously identified as having a lower risk of bleeding. We incorporated the modified IMPROVE VTE score using a cutoff score of 4 or more or 2 and 3 with an elevated D-dimer (>2 times the upper limit of normal) to the MAGELLAN subpopulation. In total, 56% of the patients met the high-risk criteria. In the placebo group, the total VTE event rate at Day 35 was 7.94% in the high-risk group and 2.83% for patients in the lower-risk group. A reduction in VTE was observed with rivaroxaban in the high-risk group (relative risk [RR]: 0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51-0.91, p = 0.008) and in the lower-risk group (RR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.40 -1.20, p = 0.187). The modified IMPROVE VTE score with an elevated D-dimer identified a nearly threefold higher VTE risk subpopulation of patients where a significant benefit exists for ET using rivaroxaban.

Keywords: D-dimer; VTE risk score; extended thromboprophylaxis; medically ill; venous thromboembolism.

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest A.C.S.: Janssen Research & Development LLC, Bayer, Portola, Boehringer Ingelheim, ATLAS group: Research Grants and Consulting; C.L., J.X., C.P., E.S.B.: Janssen Research & Development LLC: Employee/Stock; Y.D, T.E.S.: Bayer U.S. LLC: Employee; G.E.R.: Janssen Research & Development LLC & Bayer U.S. LLC, Daiichi Sankyo, Portola, Boehringer Ingelheim, PHRI Mc Master, Tetherex, Eli Lilly: Research Grants and Consulting.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Subject disposition. mITT, modified intent to treat; ULN, upper limit of normal.
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Grant support

Funding Bayer U.S. LLC and Janssen Research & Development LLC sponsored the MAGELLAN trial and the analyses reported here.