Mass gathering events and reducing further global spread of COVID-19: a political and public health dilemma

Affiliations

• ¹ Centre on Global Health Security, Chatham House, Royal Institute of International Affairs, London SW1Y 4LE, UK. Electronic address: bmccloskey@chathamhouse.org.
• ² Division of Infection and Immunity, Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
• ³ National Institute for Infectious Diseases-Lazzaro Spallanzani-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
• ⁴ National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
• ⁵ Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
• ⁶ Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, Baltimore, MD, USA.
• ⁷ Public Health England, London, UK.
• ⁸ National Centre for Infectious Diseases and Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.
• ⁹ Academy of Postgraduate Education, Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia.