Materials and manufacturing perspectives in engineering heart valves: a review

F Oveissi; S Naficy; A Lee; D S Winlaw; F Dehghani

doi:10.1016/j.mtbio.2019.100038

Materials and manufacturing perspectives in engineering heart valves: a review

Mater Today Bio. 2019 Dec 5:5:100038. doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2019.100038. eCollection 2020 Jan.

Authors

F Oveissi¹, S Naficy¹, A Lee^{1

2

3}, D S Winlaw^{2

3}, F Dehghani¹

Affiliations

¹ School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
² Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
³ Heart Centre for Children, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, New South Wales, 2145, Australia.

Abstract

Valvular heart diseases (VHD) are a major health burden, affecting millions of people worldwide. The treatments for such diseases rely on medicine, valve repair, and artificial heart valves including mechanical and bioprosthetic valves. Yet, there are countless reports on possible alternatives noting long-term stability and biocompatibility issues and highlighting the need for fabrication of more durable and effective replacements. This review discusses the current and potential materials that can be used for developing such valves along with existing and developing fabrication methods. With this perspective, we quantitatively compare mechanical properties of various materials that are currently used or proposed for heart valves along with their fabrication processes to identify challenges we face in creating new materials and manufacturing techniques to better mimick the performance of native heart valves.

Keywords: 3D printing; Biofabrication; Biomaterials; E, Young's modulus; Electrospinning; Gal, galactose-α1,3-galactose; GelMa, gelatin methacrylate; HA, hyaluronic acid; HAVIC, human aortic valvular interstitial cells; MA-HA, methacrylated hyaluronic acid; NeuGc, N-glycolylneuraminic acid; P4HB, poly(4-hydroxybutyrate); PAAm, polyacrylamide; PCE, polycitrate-(ε-polypeptide); PCL, polycaprolactone; PE, polyethylene; PEG, polyethylene glycol; PEGDA, polyethylene glycol diacrylate; PGA, poly(glycolic acid); PHA, poly(hydroxyalkanoate); PLA, polylactide; PMMA, poly(methyl methacrylate); PPG, polypropylene glycol; PTFE, polytetrafluoroethylene; PU, polyurethane; SIBS, poly(styrene-b-isobutylene-b-styrene); SMC, smooth muscle cells; VHD, valvular heart disease; VIC, aortic valve leaflet interstitial cells; Valvular heart diseases; dECM, decellularized extracellular matrix; ePTFE, expanded PTFE; xSIBS, crosslinked version of SIBS; α-SMA, alpha-smooth muscle actin.

Publication types

Review