Novel reliability criteria for controlled attenuation parameter assessments for non-invasive evaluation of hepatic steatosis

United European Gastroenterol J. 2020 Apr;8(3):321-331. doi: 10.1177/2050640619900820. Epub 2020 Jan 17.

Abstract

Background: There is conflicting evidence regarding reliability criteria for the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP; a marker for hepatic steatosis [HS]). Thus, we assessed the diagnostic performance of CAP according to different reliability criteria based on real-world data from an academic centre.

Methods: Patients undergoing measurement of CAP and liver biopsy (±6 months) at the Medical University of Vienna were included. HS was assessed according to SAF score.

Results: In total 319 patients were included. The main aetiologies were non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD, n = 177, 55.5%), viral hepatitis (n = 49, 15.4%), and alcoholic liver disease (ALD, n = 29, 9.1%). Histological steatosis and fibrosis stages were: S0: 93 (29.2%), S1: 100 (31.3%), S2: 67 (21.0%), and S3: 59 (18.5%); F0/F1: 150 (47.0%), F2: 47 (14.7%), and F3/F4: 122 (48.3%). In the overall cohort, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of CAP was 0.843 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.798-0.887) for diagnosing HS ≥ S1), 0.789 (95%CI: 0.740-0.839) for ≥S2, and 0.767 (95%CI: 0.712-0.823) for S3. CAP corrections as suggested by Karlas et al. did not improve the diagnostic performance. Importantly, the AUC of CAP for HS ≥ S1 was numerically highest in patients with CAP-IQR/median<0.10 or <0.20 (obtained in 37.9% and 74.9%), in whom CAP also had better diagnostic performance, as compared with patients not meeting these criteria. Moreover, it was substantially higher in 288 (90.3%) patients with CAP-IQR/median<0.3: 0.856 (95%CI: 0.809-0.903) vs. patients not meeting this criterion (0.530 [95%CI: 0.309-0.751]). In contrast, the previously suggested reliability criterion of CAP-IQR<40 dB/m was not associated with an improved diagnostic performance for HS≥S1 (0.866 [95%CI: 0.812-0.920] vs. 0.799 [95%CI: 0.717-0.881]) and was only obtained in 199 (62.4%) patients.

Conclusion: CAP-IQR/median<0.1, <0.2, and <0.3 identify reliable measurements for diagnosing any hepatic steatosis (≥S1). Importantly, CAP-IQR/median<0.3 has a considerably higher applicability in clinical practice, as compared with the previously suggested CAP-IQR<40 dB/m criterion.

Keywords: CAP; Controlled attenuation parameter; FibroScan; IQR; NAFLD; VCTE; hepatic steatosis; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; reliability; vibration-controlled transient elastography.

Publication types

  • Evaluation Study

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Biopsy
  • Elasticity Imaging Techniques / methods*
  • Fatty Liver, Alcoholic / diagnosis*
  • Fatty Liver, Alcoholic / etiology
  • Fatty Liver, Alcoholic / pathology
  • Female
  • Hepatitis, Viral, Human / complications*
  • Hepatitis, Viral, Human / pathology
  • Humans
  • Liver / diagnostic imaging
  • Liver / pathology
  • Liver Cirrhosis / diagnosis*
  • Liver Cirrhosis / etiology
  • Liver Cirrhosis / pathology
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / diagnosis*
  • Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / etiology
  • Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease / pathology
  • Predictive Value of Tests
  • ROC Curve
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Severity of Illness Index