Management and Outcomes of Newly Diagnosed Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with Brain Metastases: A Real-World Study in Japan

Abstract

Background: Brain metastases (BM) are one of the strongest negative prognostic factors in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Molecularly targeted agents are standard of care for NSCLC patients with a driver mutation; however, their efficacy in patients with BM is not fully understood because patients with BM are usually excluded from clinical studies. This study investigated the current management and outcomes of newly diagnosed NSCLC patients with BM in Japanese clinical practice, focusing on their driver mutation status.

Patients and methods: We enrolled newly diagnosed, treatment-naïve NSCLC patients with BM between January 2012 and December 2015 from 4 institutions in Japan. The medical records of each patient were retrospectively reviewed, and the treatment details and outcomes were evaluated.

Results: In total, 203 patients with BM were enrolled in this study and 73 (36%) were neurologically symptomatic. Regarding initial treatment, 110 patients (54%) received local therapy, including radiotherapy and surgery, whereas 77 (38%) received systemic therapy. The median overall survival (OS) was 14.3 months for all patients, and it was significantly longer among patients with a driver mutation (28.9 months; 95% confidence interval [CI], 20.9-41.0) than among patients without a driver mutation (9.9 months; 95% CI, 7.0-13.4) (hazard ratio [HR] 0.39; 95% CI, 0.27-0.57; p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified performance status (HR 1.78; 95% CI, 1.16-2.72; p = 0.009) and driver mutation status (HR 0.27; 95% CI, 0.17-0.44; p < 0.001) as significant prognostic factors. No significant difference in OS was noted according to the type of initial treatment, i.e., local versus systemic.

Conclusion: The median OS of patients with a driver mutation was longer than 2 years, even of patients with BM, and it was significantly longer than that of patients without a driver mutation. Driver mutation status, in addition to performance status, was a significant prognostic factor in NSCLC patients with BM.

Keywords: Brain metastases; Driver mutation; Japanese; Non-small cell lung cancer; Real-world study.