Implementation of an Opioid Overdose and Naloxone Distribution Training in a Pharmacist Laboratory Course

Abstract

Objective. To describe the instructional design, implementation, and evaluation of an opioid overdose response program (ORP) and opioid overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND) training program to third-year pharmacy (P3) students. Methods. Using the 5-E learning cycle during a three-hour laboratory session, the authors developed an OEND training program. The training began with an engagement exercise encompassing validated pre-Opioid Overdose Knowledge Scale (OOKS) and pre-Opioid Overdose Attitudes Scale (OOAS) assessments. Directly after, students moved to the exploration phase of the program, which consisted of two stations with placebo naloxone products. There, instructors explained key content related to OEND. Students applied what was learned during the elaboration by completing two cases: using group-based point-by-point counseling as well as a scenario with a simulation patient manikin. The class ended with an evaluation exercise that involved completing post-OOKS and post-OOAS. Results. Fifty-six students participated in the ORP certification and OEND training. Significant increases in total scores were seen on the pre- and post-assessment. Additionally, significant increases in student confidence in providing overdose response counseling and dispensing naloxone were observed. Students rated all the learning activities as very effective. Conclusion. Use of the 5-E learning cycle as an educational design method to structure active-learning activities was effective in increasing students' knowledge and improving their attitudes toward and confidence in providing overdose response.

Keywords: naloxone; opioid; opioid overdose; overdose education and naloxone dispensing; overdose response program.