A clinical follow-up study was performed in 11 unoperated patients with symptoms due to vascular ring. The age at diagnosis was 2-48 months (mean 13 months); 7 of the patients were less than 12 months old. The follow-up time varied between 1 and 22 years (median 7 years). Nine patients were entirely free of symptoms, which they had outgrown in the course of 1-2 years after the diagnosis was made; none of these 9 had symptoms after the age of 4 years. Two patients had symptoms due to either oesophageal compression or to severe associated neuromuscular lesions; the follow-up time was 3 and 1 years, respectively. Our findings lead us to support a conservative attitude regarding surgery, at least if only mild symptoms are present, If the patients can be satisfactorily treated medically, they seem to outgrow their symptoms in early childhood.