1 Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.
2 Medical Intensive Care Unit Brabois, Institut Lorrain du Cœur et des Vaisseaux, CHRU de Nancy, INSERM U1116, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
3 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons and the Center for Acute Respiratory Failure, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
4 Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France. Romain.Pirracchio@ucsf.edu.
5 Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, INSERM UMR1153, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France. Romain.Pirracchio@ucsf.edu.
6 Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, University of California San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA. Romain.Pirracchio@ucsf.edu.