Objective: To explore the surgical effect and experience of endoscope-assisted excision for congenital nasal dermoid and sinus cyst (NDSC) in children. Methods: Fifty-three patients with congenital NDSC treated in Beijing Children's Hospital from January 2007 to December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed, including 30 boys and 23 girls, with the age ranging from 9 to 145 months (mean age 35.6 months). The ultra-low-dose CT scan and MRI of the paranasal sinuses were performed for all patients. Excisions of NDSC under general anesthesia were performed for all patients, and surgical approaches were dependent on location and extent of the lesions according to radiographic workups. All intra-osseous patients and complicated superficial cases underwent surgical excision of NDSC and nasal reconstruction with the assistance of endoscope. Initial presentation, medical history, imaging workups, surgical approaches, complications, rates of recurrence and cosmetic outcomes were evaluated. Descriptive statistics was used for the results analysis. Results: Among 53 cases, the most common presentation included a nasal-glabella mass (n=21, 39.6%), a dorsal punctum (n=13, 24.5%) and a dorsal mass (n=9, 17.0%). The sites of NDSC included nasal glabella (n=22, 41.5%), nasal bridge (n=27, 50.9%) and nasal tip (n=4, 7.5%). Of all patients, 24 cases (45.3%) had superficial lesions, 19 cases (35.8%) had intraosseous extension into the frontonasal bones, 10 cases (18.9%) extended intracranially but remained extradural. Surgical approaches included transverse incision (n=22, 41.5%), minimal midline vertical incision (n=27, 50.9%) and external rhinoplasty (n=4, 7.5%). All NDSC were successfully excised and no nasal reconstruction needed. All cases were followed up from 9 to 151 months with a mean of 67.3 months. Five patients (9.4%) with recurrence were observed and were managed successfully with reoperation. During the follow-up, no nasal deformity was noted, and cosmetic outcome was favorable for all patients. Conclusion: Endoscope-assisted excision has the advantage of clear vision, small trama and low recurrence rate for children with NDSC.
目的： 探讨内镜辅助下儿童先天性鼻中线囊肿及瘘管切除术的手术效果及诊治经验。 方法： 回顾性分析2007年1月至2018年12月，北京儿童医院收治的53例先天性鼻中线囊肿及瘘管患儿的临床资料，其中男童30例，女童23例，月龄9~145个月，平均月龄35.6个月。全部患儿术前均行鼻窦薄层低辐射CT及MRI检查。所有患儿均接受全身麻醉下鼻中线囊肿及瘘管切除术，根据病变部位及影像学检查提示的病变范围采取不同的手术入路，对全部鼻骨深层、颅内硬膜外型以及疑似囊壁残留的鼻骨浅层病例均采用了内镜辅助下手术。对患儿的病史、临床表现、影像学检查结果、手术方法、并发症、复发及外观情况进行分析。采用描述性统计学方法分析结果。 结果： 53例患儿中，主要临床表现包括鼻根类圆形包块21例（39.6%）、鼻梁针尖样瘘口13例（24.5%）、鼻梁类圆形包块9例（17.0%）等。病变部位包括鼻根22例（41.5%）、鼻梁中上段27例（50.9%）、鼻梁下段及鼻尖4例（7.5%）。病变深度包括鼻骨浅层24例（45.3%）、鼻骨深层19例（35.8%）、颅内硬膜外层10例（18.9%）。手术入路包括鼻根横形小切口22例（41.5%）、鼻正中小切口27例（50.9%）、开放式鼻整形入路4例（7.5%）。全部患儿手术顺利，术中无并发症出现，均未行一期鼻背重建术。术后随访9~151个月（平均67.3个月），术后复发5例（9.4%），再次手术后治愈。全部患儿外鼻无畸形，外观满意。 结论： 内镜辅助下鼻中线囊肿及瘘管切除术具有视野清晰、手术创伤小、复发率低等优点。.
Keywords: Child; Nasal dermoid and sinus cyst; Natural orifice endoscopic surgery.