Comparison of prevalence rates of restless legs syndrome, self-assessed risks of obstructive sleep apnea, and daytime sleepiness among patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD)

Vahid Shaygannejad; Dena Sadeghi Bahmani; Parisa Soleimani; Omid Mirmosayyeb; Mehran Barzegar; Babak Amra; Serge Brand

doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.1266

Comparison of prevalence rates of restless legs syndrome, self-assessed risks of obstructive sleep apnea, and daytime sleepiness among patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD)

Sleep Med. 2020 Jun:70:97-105. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.1266. Epub 2019 Dec 17.

Authors

Vahid Shaygannejad¹, Dena Sadeghi Bahmani², Parisa Soleimani³, Omid Mirmosayyeb⁴, Mehran Barzegar³, Babak Amra⁵, Serge Brand⁶

Affiliations

¹ Isfahan Neuroscience Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Neurology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Electronic address: shaygannejad@med.mui.ac.ir.
² University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Center of Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Basel, Switzerland; Departments of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Center of Old Age Psychiatry (ZAP), Basel, Switzerland; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran.
³ Isfahan Neuroscience Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
⁴ Isfahan Neuroscience Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Universal Council of Epidemiology (UCE), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁵ Pulmonary Unit, Department of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
⁶ University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Center of Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Basel, Switzerland; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah, Iran; University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Basel, Switzerland; Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tehran, Iran.

PMID: 32276200
DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.1266

Abstract

Background: Prevalence rates for restless legs syndrome (RLS) and risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in individuals with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) and Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS) are unknown. The aims of the present study were to assess symptoms of RLS and self-assessed risks of OSA in individuals with NMOSD and CIS, to compare these prevalence rates with those of persons with multiple sclerosis (MS), and to associate RLS and OSA with expanded disability status scale (EDSS) scores, daytime sleepiness, fatigue, paresthesia, and medication.

Methods: A total of 495 individuals (mean age = 34.92 years, 84.9% females) were assessed. Of these, 24 had NMOSD, 112 had CIS and 359 had MS. Trained neurologists ascertained individuals' neurological diagnoses, assessed their EDSS scores, and conducted a clinical interview to assess RLS. Additionally, participants completed questionnaires covering sociodemographic information, risks of snoring and OSA, daytime sleepiness, fatigue, paresthesia and medication.

Results: Prevalence rates of RLS were 45.8% in NMOSD, 41.1% in CIS, and 28.7% in MS. Prevalence rates of self-assessed risks of OSA were 8.3% in NMOSD, 7.7% in CIS, and 7.8% in MS; these rates were not significantly different. Across the entire sample and within the diagnostic groups, RLS and OSA scores were unrelated to EDSS, daytime sleepiness, fatigue or medication.

Conclusions: Individuals with NMOSD, CIS and MS have high prevalence rates for RLS and self-assessed risks of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), which are unrelated to EDSS, daytime sleepiness, fatigue, paresthesia, or medication. Sleep issues should be monitored during routine check-ups for individuals with NMOSD and CIS.

Keywords: Clinically isolated syndrome; Daytime sleepiness; Multiple sclerosis; Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder; Obstructive sleep apnea; Restless legs syndrome.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Adult
Disorders of Excessive Somnolence* / epidemiology
Female
Humans
Male
Multiple Sclerosis* / complications
Multiple Sclerosis* / epidemiology
Neuromyelitis Optica*
Prevalence
Restless Legs Syndrome* / epidemiology
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive* / epidemiology
Surveys and Questionnaires