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. 2020 Apr 3:11:214.
doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00214. eCollection 2020.

Comparative Effectiveness of High-Intensity Interval Training and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training for Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Childhood Obesity: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Jingxin Liu  1 , Lin Zhu  1 , Yu Su  2
Affiliations

Comparative Effectiveness of High-Intensity Interval Training and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training for Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Childhood Obesity: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Jingxin Liu et al. Front Physiol. .

Abstract

Purpose: The main objective of this meta-analysis was to compare the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on cardiometabolic health in childhood obesity and determine whether HIIT is a superior form of training in managing obese children's metabolic health. Methods: Relevant studies published in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library, EBSCO, and CNKI were searched, restricted to those published from inception to 1 October 2019. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) depicting the effect of HIIT on childhood obesity were included. Results: Nine RCTs involving 309 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Among the 309 participants, 158 subjects were randomized for HIIT, while the others were randomized for MICT. Significant differences were observed in the body weight (mean difference [MD] = -5.45 kg, p = 0.001), body mass index (BMI; MD = -1.661 kg/m2, p = 0.0001), systolic blood pressure (SBP; MD = -3.994 mmHg, p = 0.003), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP; MD = -3.087 mmHg, p = 0.0001) in the HIIT group relative to the baseline values. Similar effects were found in the MICT group, as depicted by the significantly decreased values for body weight (MD = -4.604 kg, p = 0.0001), BMI (MD = -2.366 kg/m2, p = 0.0001), SBP (MD = -3.089 mmHg, p = 0.019), and DBP (MD = -3.087 mmHg, p = 0.0001). However, no significant differences were observed in the changes in body weight, BMI, SBP, or DBP between the HIIT and MICT groups. Furthermore, our studies showed that both HIIT and MICT could significantly improve VO2peak (HIIT, MD = 4.17 ml/kg/min, 95% CI: 3.191 to 5.163, p = 0.0001; MICT, MD = 1.704 ml/kg/min, 95% CI: 0.279 to 3.130, p = 0.019). HIIT also showed more positive effects on VO2peak (SMD = 0.468, 95% CI: 0.040 to 0.897, p = 0.006) than MICT. Conclusion: HIIT positively affects the cardiometabolic risk factors in childhood obesity. Similar positive effects on body composition and blood pressure were established. Moreover, HIIT can improve cardiorespiratory fitness more significantly than MICT. These findings indicate that HIIT may be an alternative and effective training method for managing childhood obesity. PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42018111308.

Keywords: cardiorespiratory fitness; high-intensity interval training; lipid metabolism; pediatric obesity; weight loss.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Selection process of eligible studies.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Review judgment of risk bias for each item: percentages across all included studies.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Summary of risk bias: review authors' judgment of risk bias for each item and adolescent.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Forest plot for changes in body weight. (A) Within-group effects of HIIT. (B) Within-group effects of MICT. (C) Between-group effects of HIIT and MICT.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Forest plot for changes in BMI. (A) Within-group effects of HIIT. (B) Within-group effects of MICT. (C) Between-group effects of HIIT and MICT.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Forest plot for changes in SBP. (A) Within-group effects of HIIT. (B) Within-group effects of MICT. (C) Between-group effects of HIIT and MICT.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Forest plot for changes in DBP. (A) Within-group effects of HIIT. (B) Within-group effects of MICT. (C) Between-group effects of HIIT and MICT.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Forest plot for changes in VO2peak. (A) Within-group effects of HIIT. (B) Within-group effects of MICT on body weight. (C) Between-group effects of HIIT and MICT.
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