Comparison of early-stage changes of osteoarthritis in cartilage and subchondral bone between two different rat models

Yutao Yang; Peiran Li; Songsong Zhu; Ruiye Bi

doi:10.7717/peerj.8934

Comparison of early-stage changes of osteoarthritis in cartilage and subchondral bone between two different rat models

PeerJ. 2020 Apr 20:8:e8934. doi: 10.7717/peerj.8934. eCollection 2020.

Authors

Yutao Yang¹, Peiran Li¹, Songsong Zhu¹, Ruiye Bi¹

Affiliation

¹ State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.

Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease and the major cause of joint pain and disability in the elderly. It is mainly characterized by articular cartilage degradation and subchondral bone remodeling. There are two main types of OA: natural occurring OA and secondary OA, mainly associated with aging and trauma, respectively. In this study, we established two OA models in rat knee joints to simulate the two types of OA, using the type II collagenase injection (CI) and anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT), respectively. After intervention for 2-6 weeks, cartilage and subchondral bone changes were detected in histological staining, immunochemistry, and micro-CT. Results showed that both models with typical pathology changes of OA were successfully induced, while the development and severity of OA process in the models were different. In ACLT rats, the cartilage damage was milder, lasted for a shorter time, and subchondral bone reconstruction occurred earlier, compared with the changes in CI rats. The cartilage damage was secondary to subchondral bone change in ACLT rats, while subchondral bone change was secondary to cartilage degeneration in CI rats. In conclusion, the interaction between cartilage and subchondral bone is different between the natural-occurring and secondary OA models. These two models not only suggest potential different mechanisms of the two types of OA, but also provide new directions for OA treatment and prevention.

Keywords: ACLT; Cartilage; Collagenase; Naturally-occurring OA; Osteoarthritis (OA); Secondary OA; Subchondral bone.

Grants and funding

This work was supported by grants from the Committee of the National Natural Science Foundation (No. 81801003, No. 81771097). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.