Review: Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine for Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)

doi:10.1093/ofid/ofaa130

Review

. 2020 Apr 15;7(4):ofaa130.

doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa130. eCollection 2020 Apr.

Review: Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine for Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)

Katelyn A Pastick¹, Elizabeth C Okafor¹, Fan Wang², Sarah M Lofgren¹, Caleb P Skipper¹, Melanie R Nicol², Matthew F Pullen¹, Radha Rajasingham¹, Emily G McDonald³, Todd C Lee³, Ilan S Schwartz⁴, Lauren E Kelly⁵, Sylvain A Lother⁶, Oriol Mitjà⁷, Emili Letang^{8

9}, Mahsa Abassi¹, David R Boulware¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
² Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
³ Clinical Practice Assessment Unit, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada.
⁴ Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta.
⁵ Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Department of Pharmacology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
⁶ Department of Medicine, Sections of Critical Care and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
⁷ Fight AIDS and Inf Dis Foundation, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain.
⁸ Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital del Mar/Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.
⁹ ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

PMID: 32363212
PMCID: PMC7184359
DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa130

Review

Review: Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine for Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)

Katelyn A Pastick et al. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020.

. 2020 Apr 15;7(4):ofaa130.

doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa130. eCollection 2020 Apr.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
² Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
³ Clinical Practice Assessment Unit, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada.
⁴ Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta.
⁵ Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Department of Pharmacology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
⁶ Department of Medicine, Sections of Critical Care and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
⁷ Fight AIDS and Inf Dis Foundation, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain.
⁸ Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital del Mar/Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.
⁹ ISGlobal, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

PMID: 32363212
PMCID: PMC7184359
DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa130

Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a rapidly emerging viral infection causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine have garnered unprecedented attention as potential therapeutic agents against COVID-19 following several small clinical trials, uncontrolled case series, and public figure endorsements. While there is a growing body of scientific data, there is also concern for harm, particularly QTc prolongation and cardiac arrhythmias. Here, we perform a rapid narrative review and discuss the strengths and limitations of existing in vitro and clinical studies. We call for additional randomized controlled trial evidence prior to the widespread incorporation of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine into national and international treatment guidelines.

Keywords: COVID-19; Hydroxychloroquine; SARS-CoV-2; chloroquine; clinical trials; coronavirus.

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References

1. World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) situation report - 75. Available at: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/2.... Accessed 4 April 2020.
1. NIH U.S. National Library of Medicine. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ Accessed 4 April 2020.
1. Kim AHJ, Sparks JA, Liew JW, et al. . A rush to judgment? Rapid reporting and dissemination of results and its consequences regarding the use of hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19. Ann Intern Med 2020; In Press. - PMC - PubMed
1. Tönnesmann E, Kandolf R, Lewalter T. Chloroquine cardiomyopathy - a review of the literature. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2013; 35:434–42. - PubMed
1. Ben-Zvi I, Kivity S, Langevitz P, Shoenfeld Y. Hydroxychloroquine: from malaria to autoimmunity. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2012; 42:145–53. - PMC - PubMed

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[1] World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) situation report - 75. Available at: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/2.... Accessed 4 April 2020.

[2] World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) situation report - 75. Available at: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/2.... Accessed 4 April 2020.

[3] NIH U.S. National Library of Medicine. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ Accessed 4 April 2020.

[4] NIH U.S. National Library of Medicine. Available at: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ Accessed 4 April 2020.

[5] Kim AHJ, Sparks JA, Liew JW, et al. . A rush to judgment? Rapid reporting and dissemination of results and its consequences regarding the use of hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19. Ann Intern Med 2020; In Press. - PMC - PubMed

[6] Kim AHJ, Sparks JA, Liew JW, et al. . A rush to judgment? Rapid reporting and dissemination of results and its consequences regarding the use of hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19. Ann Intern Med 2020; In Press. - PMC - PubMed

[7] Tönnesmann E, Kandolf R, Lewalter T. Chloroquine cardiomyopathy - a review of the literature. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2013; 35:434–42. - PubMed

[8] Tönnesmann E, Kandolf R, Lewalter T. Chloroquine cardiomyopathy - a review of the literature. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2013; 35:434–42. - PubMed

[9] Ben-Zvi I, Kivity S, Langevitz P, Shoenfeld Y. Hydroxychloroquine: from malaria to autoimmunity. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2012; 42:145–53. - PMC - PubMed

[10] Ben-Zvi I, Kivity S, Langevitz P, Shoenfeld Y. Hydroxychloroquine: from malaria to autoimmunity. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2012; 42:145–53. - PMC - PubMed

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Review: Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine for Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)

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Review: Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine for Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)

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