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. 2021 Jun;38(6):539-546.
doi: 10.1177/1049909120922779. Epub 2020 May 6.

Racial Disparities in Utilization of Palliative Care Among Patients Admitted With Advanced Solid Organ Malignancies

Kimberley Lee  1 , Faiz Gani  2 , Joseph K Canner  2 , Fabian M Johnston  3
Affiliations

Racial Disparities in Utilization of Palliative Care Among Patients Admitted With Advanced Solid Organ Malignancies

Kimberley Lee et al. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2021 Jun.

Abstract

Background: There is increasing recognition of the importance of early incorporation of palliative care services in the care of patients with advanced cancers. Hospice-based palliative care remains underutilized for black patients with cancer, and there is limited literature on racial disparities in use of non-hospice-based palliative care services for patients with cancer.

Objective: The primary objective of this study is to describe racial differences in the use of inpatient palliative care consultations (IPCC) for patients with advanced cancer who are admitted to a hospital in the United States.

Design: This retrospective cohort study analyzed 204 175 hospital admissions of patients with advanced cancers between 2012 and 2014. The cohort was identified through the National Inpatient Dataset. International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision codes were used to identify receipt of a palliative care consultation.

Results: Of this, 57.7% of those who died received IPCC compared to 10.5% who were discharged alive. In multivariable logistic regression models, black patients discharged from the hospital, were significantly less likely to receive a palliative care consult compared to white patients (odds ratio [OR] black: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.62-0.76).

Conclusions: Death during hospitalization was a significant modifier of the relationship between race and receipt of palliative care consultation. There are significant racial disparities in the utilization of IPCC for patients with advanced cancer.

Keywords: National Inpatient Sample; black; disparities; inpatient; palliative care.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declaration of Conflicting Interests

The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Proportion of patients who received inpatient palliative care consult by year of inpatient admission.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Mortality rates among all patients by race/ethnicity.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Vital status at discharge by race/ethnicity.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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