Epidemiology of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

Abstract

In December, 2019, an infectious outbreak of unknown cause occurred in Wuhan, which attracted intense attention. Shortly after the virus was identified as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) broke out, and an information storm occurred. At that time, 2 important aspects, that is, the stages of spread and the components of the epidemic, were unclear. Answers to the questions (1) what are the sources, (2) how do infections occur, and (3) who will be affected should be clarified as the outbreak continues to evolve. Furthermore, components of the epidemic and the stages of spread should be explored and discussed. Based on information of SARS, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and COVID-19, the components of the epidemic (the sources, the routes of infection, and the susceptible population) will be discussed, as well as the role of natural and social factors involved. Epidemiologic characteristics of patients will be traced based on current information.

Keywords: coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); epidemic SARS-CoV-2; epidemiology characteristics; epidemiology process; links.

FIGURE 1

Epidemiological Curve of COVID-19 Cases Reported by Timeline in Published Papers.^,

FIGURE 2

Epidemiological Curve of COVID-19 Cases in China From January 10, 2020, to April 18, 2020, by Daily Reported Data (http://www.nhc.gov.cn/xcs/xxgzbd/gzbd_index.shtml).

FIGURE 3

Regions With Total Reported Confirmed Cases of COVID-19, China, Until 18 April 2020 (http://www.nhc.gov.cn/xcs/xxgzbd/gzbd_index.shtml).

FIGURE 4

Epidemic Curve of COVID-19 Cases (n = 319) Identified Outside of China, by Date of Reporting and Travel History, February 10, 2020.

FIGURE 5

Age Distribution of 425 patients With COVID-19 (Revised From Data of Li et al.).