Effects of the Global Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pandemic on Early Childhood Development: Short- and Long-Term Risks and Mitigating Program and Policy Actions

J Pediatr. 2020 Aug:223:188-193. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.05.020. Epub 2020 May 19.

¹ Global TIES for Children, New York University, New York, NY. Electronic address: hiro.yoshikawa@nyu.edu.
² Global TIES for Children, New York University, New York, NY.
³ Early Childhood Development, UNICEF, New York, NY.
⁴ Division of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Pediatrics, Bellevue Hospital Center, New York, NY.
⁵ Departments of Child Psychiatry, Pediatrics and Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT.
⁶ Alliance for Human Development, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
⁷ Yale Child Study Center, New Haven, CT.
⁸ DST-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development , University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
⁹ Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

No abstract available

Keywords: COVID-19; early childhood development; parenting; policy.

MeSH terms