Ultrasensitive detection of malignant melanoma using PET molecular imaging probes

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020 Jun 9;117(23):12991-12999. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1922313117. Epub 2020 May 21.

Abstract

Malignant melanoma has one of the highest mortality rates of any cancer because of its aggressive nature and high metastatic potential. Clinical staging of the disease at the time of diagnosis is very important for the prognosis and outcome of melanoma treatment. In this study, we designed and synthesized the 18F-labeled pyridine-based benzamide derivatives N-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-5-[18F]fluoropicolinamide ([18F]DMPY2) and N-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-6-[18F]fluoronicotinamide ([18F]DMPY3) to detect primary and metastatic melanoma at an early stage and evaluated their performance in this task. [18F]DMPY2 and [18F]DMPY3 were synthesized by direct radiofluorination of the bromo precursor, and radiochemical yields were ∼15-20%. Cell uptakes of [18F]DMPY2 and [18F]DMPY3 were >103-fold and 18-fold higher, respectively, in B16F10 (mouse melanoma) cells than in negative control cells. Biodistribution studies revealed strong tumor uptake and retention of [18F]DMPY2 (24.8% injected dose per gram of tissue [ID/g] at 60 min) and [18F]DMPY3 (11.7%ID/g at 60 min) in B16F10 xenografts. MicroPET imaging of both agents demonstrated strong tumoral uptake/retention and rapid washout, resulting in excellent tumor-to-background contrast in B16F10 xenografts. In particular, [18F]DMPY2 clearly visualized almost all metastatic lesions in lung and lymph nodes, with excellent image quality. [18F]DMPY2 demonstrated a significantly higher tumor-to-liver ratio than [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) and the previously reported benzamide tracers N-[2-(diethylamino)-ethyl]-5-[18F]fluoropicolinamide ([18F]P3BZA) and N-[2-(diethylamino)-ethyl]-4-[18F]fluorobenzamide ([18F]FBZA) in B16F10-bearing or SK-MEL-3 (human melanoma)-bearing mice. In conclusion, [18F]DMPY2 might have strong potential for the diagnosis of early stage primary and metastatic melanoma using positron emission tomography (PET).

Keywords: 18F-labeled pyridine-based benzamide derivative; PET; malignant melanoma; metastasis; molecular imaging.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Fluorine Radioisotopes / administration & dosage
  • Humans
  • Melanoma / diagnostic imaging*
  • Mice
  • Molecular Imaging / methods*
  • Picolinic Acids / administration & dosage
  • Positron-Emission Tomography / methods*
  • Radiopharmaceuticals / administration & dosage*
  • Radiopharmaceuticals / chemistry
  • Skin Neoplasms / diagnostic imaging*
  • Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

Substances

  • Fluorine Radioisotopes
  • N-(2-(diethylamino)ethyl)-5-fluoropicolinamide
  • Picolinic Acids
  • Radiopharmaceuticals