Enhancement and improvement of selenium in soil to the resistance of rape stem against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and the inhibition of dissolved organic matter derived from rape straw on mycelium

Qin Cheng; Wei Jia; Chengxiao Hu; Guangyu Shi; Dandan Yang; Miaomiao Cai; Ting Zhan; Yanni Tang; Yingjie Zhou; Xuecheng Sun; Xiaohu Zhao

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114827

Enhancement and improvement of selenium in soil to the resistance of rape stem against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and the inhibition of dissolved organic matter derived from rape straw on mycelium

Environ Pollut. 2020 Oct;265(Pt A):114827. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114827. Epub 2020 May 19.

Authors

Qin Cheng¹, Wei Jia¹, Chengxiao Hu², Guangyu Shi³, Dandan Yang¹, Miaomiao Cai¹, Ting Zhan¹, Yanni Tang¹, Yingjie Zhou¹, Xuecheng Sun², Xiaohu Zhao⁴

Affiliations

¹ College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer, Research Center of Trace Elements, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Wuhan, 430070, China.
² College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer, Research Center of Trace Elements, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China.
³ College of Environment Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
⁴ College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for New-Type Fertilizer, Research Center of Trace Elements, Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Wuhan, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430070, China. Electronic address: xhzhao@mail.hzau.edu.cn.

PMID: 32454382
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114827

Abstract

Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR), caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (S. sclerotiorum), one of the most destructive diseases in many crops including Brassica napus L. The extensive use of fungicides to control S. sclerotiorum caused severe damage to the environment in the long term. Increasing study reported that selenium (Se) is a beneficial element for plant by promoting growth and enhancing disease resistance. In this study, it was found that Se in soil shortened lesion length by 19.14% on rape stem infected with S. sclerotiorum. While resistance mechanism of rape stem against S. sclerotiorum remains unknown. Transcriptomic analysis of rape stem was performed and the results indicated that genes related to antifungal pathways were up-regulated. Moreover, metabonomic analysis was carried out to study the inhibitive effect of the dissolved organic matter derived from rape straw with Se pretreatment in soil (RSDOM_Se) on S. sclerotiorum mycelium, results showed that RSDOM_Se caused severe damage to energy metabolism of mycelium. Further study indicated that RSDOM_Se decreased the pathogenicity of mycelium on rape leaves significantly, and enhanced content of chlorophyII, carotenoids, OD phenol and activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in rape leaves, which suggested that RSDOM_Se plays a positive role in regulating oxidative stress responses of plant when infected with S. sclerotiorum. In addition, when compared with dimcthachlon (DIM) treatment alone, DIM combined with RSDOM_Se resulted in higher inhibition on mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum (the inhibition ratio of nearly 60%). Results in this study suggested that Se enhanced the resistance of rape stem against S. sclerotiorum because of the up-regulated genes related to antifungal pathways, and RSDOM_Se improved the mycelial growth inhibition and decreased the pathogenicity of mycelium on rape leaves. Overall, Se as well as Se-enrich byproducts, possessed great potential to be developed as ecological fungicides for controlling S. sclerotiorum.

Keywords: Metabolome; Rape straw; Sclerotinia sclerotiorum; Selenium; Transcriptome.

MeSH terms

Ascomycota*
Brassica napus*
Mycelium
Plant Diseases
Selenium*
Soil

Substances

Soil
Selenium