Purpose: Middle ear surgery may benefit from robot-based assistance to hold micro-instruments or an endoscope. However, the surgical gesture performed by one hand may perturb surgeons accustomed to two-handed surgery. A robot-based holder may combine the benefits from endoscopic exposure and a two-handed technique. Furthermore, tremor suppression and accurate tool control might help the surgeon during critical surgical steps. The goal of this work was to study the safety of an otological robot-based assistant under clinical conditions in a limited series of patients.
Methods: The RobOtol system has been used as an endoscope or a micro instrument holder for this series. Eleven cases were operated on with the robot as an endoscope holder for chronic otitis. Twenty-one cases were operated on with the robot as a micro-instrument holder for otosclerosis (9 cases), transtympanic tube placement (2 cases), or cochlear implantation (10 cases).
Results: No complications related to the robot manipulation occurred during surgery nor in postoperative. In the chronic otitis group, all perforations were sealed and 3-month postoperative pure-tone average air-bone gap (PTA ABG) was 15 ± 2.6 dB. In the otosclerosis group, 1-month post-op PTA ABG was 10 ± 1 dB. For cochlear implantation cases, a scala tympani insertion, a vestibular scala translocation occurred and a full scala vestibuli insertion was observed in 7, 2 and 1 case, respectively.
Conclusion: The RobOtol system has reached the clinical stage. It could be used safely and with accurate control as an endoscope holder or a micro instrument holder in 32 cases.
Keywords: Array insertion; Cholesteatoma; Cochlear implantation; Endoscopic surgery; Otosclerosis; Robotics; Safety.