Assessing and reducing preoperative anxiety in adult patients: A cross-sectional study of 3661 members of the American Society of Anesthesiologists

Affiliations

• ¹ School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. Electronic address: gm3180@wayne.edu.
• ² Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
• ³ Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
• ⁴ Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA 92886, USA.
• ⁵ Department of Orthopedics, Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
• ⁶ School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
• ⁷ Department of Anesthesiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.