Classifying chronic opioid use before spine surgery: comparison of self-report and prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) reporting

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1215 21(st) Ave South, MCE South Tower, Suite 4200, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Ave., 12th floor, Suite 1200, Nashville, TN, USA.
• ² Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1215 21(st) Ave South, MCE South Tower, Suite 4200, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
• ³ Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1215 21(st) Ave South, MCE South Tower, Suite 4200, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Steamboat Orthopaedic and Spine Institute, 940 Central Park Drive, Suite 280, Steamboat Springs, CO 80487, USA.
• ⁴ Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1215 21(st) Ave South, MCE South Tower, Suite 4200, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2525 West End Ave., 12th floor, Suite 1200, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2201 Children's Way Suite 1221, Nashville, TN 37212, USA. Electronic address: kristin.archer@vumc.org.