Pain profile of premature infants during routine procedures in neonatal intensive care: An observational study

Arindrajit Ganguly; Pranav J Bhadesia; Ajay G Phatak; Archana S Nimbalkar; Somashekhar M Nimbalkar

doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1033_19

Pain profile of premature infants during routine procedures in neonatal intensive care: An observational study

J Family Med Prim Care. 2020 Mar 26;9(3):1517-1521. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1033_19. eCollection 2020 Mar.

Authors

Arindrajit Ganguly¹, Pranav J Bhadesia¹, Ajay G Phatak², Archana S Nimbalkar³, Somashekhar M Nimbalkar¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Paediatrics, Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad-Anand, Gujarat, India.
² Central Research Services, Charutar Arogya Mandal, Karamsad-Anand, Gujarat, India.
³ Department of Physiology, Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad-Anand, Gujarat, India.

Abstract

Background: Premature neonates receive a large number of painful procedures during their stay in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). However, there are many other processes that happen in the NICU, which may not be considered painful but can cause discomfort and/or stress to the neonate.

Method: Pain profile during routine procedures in NICU was assessed using the premature infant pain profile (PIPP) score. Neonates of gestational age >26 weeks, less than 7 days old and admitted for less than 7 days in the NICU were included.

Results: A total of 662 procedures were observed in 132 (78 M, 54 F) neonates. The mean (SD) age of the neonates was 2.4 (1.8) days and the mean (SD) birth weight was 2.3 (0.6) kg. 63 (54.5%) were of low birth weight (LBW), 85 (64.39%) were full term. High PIPP score was noted in blood sampling, heel prick, suction, and weight measurement. Significant differences were observed in the PIPP score during blood sampling and suction across gender. Some ordinary and non-stressful procedures also scored very high on the PIPP scale.

Conclusions: The validity of PIPP needs to be reexamined. Our understanding of pain during routine procedures may need to be revisited.

Keywords: Intensive care; neonatal pain; non-stressful procedures; pain assessment; validity.