Modern imaging processes, with CT and MRI diagnostics among them, play an increasingly important role in the early diagnosis and determination of the extent and nature of illnesses and the evaluation of their response to therapy. The authors review the technical and technological improvements that have recently been realised in CT and MRI diagnostics and are being adopted in clinical practice. Relying on the results achieved so far, they are analysing the potential for further development. In both modalities, the primary aim is incessant hardware and software upgrades, the implementation of cost-efficient solutions by increasing efficiency and cutting back maintenance and operational costs. The reduction in examination time, the ever-improving image quality and the increased comfort level of the examination environment are of outstanding significance to both the patient and the staff. The interpretation of the generated data is highly dependent on the level of expertise and experience and the knowledge of clinical data and technical opportunities of the person issuing the findings. This process is going to be assisted by artificial intelligence (AI) that the authors also discuss in terms of CT and MRI diagnostics.