Absence of Cyanotoxins in Llayta, Edible Nostocaceae Colonies from the Andes Highlands

Toxins (Basel). 2020 Jun 9;12(6):382. doi: 10.3390/toxins12060382.

Abstract

Edible Llayta are cyanobacterial colonies consumed in the Andes highlands. Llayta and four isolated cyanobacteria strains were tested for cyanotoxins (microcystin, nodularin, cylindrospermopsin, saxitoxin and β-N-methylamino-L-alanine-BMAA) using molecular and chemical methods. All isolates were free of target genes involved in toxin biosynthesis. Only DNA from Llayta amplified the mcyE gene. Presence of microcystin-LR and BMAA in Llayta extracts was discarded by LC/MS analyses. The analysed Llayta colonies have an incomplete microcystin biosynthetic pathway and are a safe food ingredient.

Keywords: Llayta; Nostoc; cyanobacteria; cyanotoxins; microcystin.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Altitude
  • Bacterial Toxins / analysis*
  • Dietary Supplements / analysis*
  • Nostoc / classification
  • Nostoc / genetics
  • Nostoc / metabolism*
  • Wetlands

Substances

  • Bacterial Toxins