Objective: To explore the pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of congenital factor Ⅶ (FⅦ) deficiency. Methods: Clinical data of 43 patients with congenital FⅦ deficiency diagnosed from April 1999 to September 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: There were 27 females and 16 males. Median age was 16 (1-70) years. Family history was found in 6 cases. There were 29 (67.4%) cases with bleeding symptoms, most common of which were mucocutaneous bleeding (13 cases, 30.2%) , oral bleeding (13 cases, 30.2%) , and epistaxis (9 cases, 20.9%) . Menorrhagia occurred in 11 cases (47.6% of female patients who were in fertile age) . Laboratory findings were characterized by significantly prolonged prothrombin time (PT) , normal partial thromboplastin time (APTT) , and decreased FⅦ activity (FⅦ∶C) . Ten cases received gene mutation analysis and 3 new mutations were found. Fourteen cases (32.6%) were treated with prothrombin complex concentrates (PCC) , 12 (27.9%) with fresh frozen plasma (FFP) , and 3 (7.0%) with human recombinant activated FⅦ (rFⅦa) . Twenty cases (46.5%) with no or mild bleeding symptoms did not receive any replacement therapy. Previous bleeding symptoms recurred in 5 patients (11.6%) , 8 females still had heavy menstrual bleeding, and 9 patients (20.9%) were lost to follow-up. Conclusion: Most patients with congenital FⅦ deficiency have mild or no bleeding symptoms, but have a tendency to excessive bleeding after surgery or trauma. There is no significant correlation between FⅦ∶C and severity of bleeding symptoms. Prophylaxis should be applied in patients with severe bleeding symptoms and rFⅦa is the first choice. Gene mutation test is significant for screening, diagnosis, and prognosis prediction of the disease.
目的： 探讨遗传性凝血因子Ⅶ（FⅦ）缺乏症的发病机制、临床表现、实验室检查、诊断、治疗及预后。 方法： 对1999年4月至2019年9月就诊于中国医学科学院血液病医院的43例遗传性FⅦ缺乏症患者进行回顾性分析。 结果： 全部43例患者中，男16例，女27例，中位年龄16（1~70）岁，6例有家族史。29例（67.4%）有出血症状，皮肤/黏膜出血13例（30.2%），口腔黏膜出血13例（30.2%），鼻出血9例（20.9%）；27例女性患者中，11例有月经过多（占育龄期女性的47.6%）。实验室检查均见凝血酶原时间（PT）延长、活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）正常、FⅦ活性（FⅦ∶C）减低。10例患者接受F7基因检测，发现3个新的突变位点。输注凝血酶原复合物（PCC）14例（32.6%），输注新鲜冰冻血浆（FFP）12例（27.9%），输注重组活化凝血因子Ⅶ（rFⅦa）3例（7.0%），20例（46.5%）无出血症状或轻微出血患者未接受替代治疗。9例（20.9%）患者未再发生先前出血症状，5例（11.6%）既往出血症状复发或持续存在，8例仍有月经量大，9例（20.9%）失访。 结论： 多数遗传性FⅦ缺乏症患者出血症状轻微或无症状，但在手术或创伤后有过度出血倾向。FⅦ∶C与出血症状严重程度之间无显著相关性。出血症状较重者应接受预防治疗。F7基因突变检测对诊断和预后评估具有一定意义。.
Keywords: Clinical data; Congenital; Factor Ⅶ deficiency; Retrospective analysis.