Carnitine, apelin and resveratrol regulate mitochondrial quality control (QC) related proteins and ameliorate acute kidney injury: role of hydrogen peroxide

Abstract

Mitochondrial impairment is recognised as a prominent feature in kidney diseases. Therefore, we investigated whether the effects of resveratrol, L-carnitine, and apelin in the acute kidney injury model were associated with modulation of mitochondrial quality control (QC) related proteins, intra-renal renin-angiotensin (RAS) activity, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and Na⁺-K⁺ ATPase gene expression. Rats were randomly assigned to 7 groups: Distilled water injected control group, DMSO injected control group, distilled water injected lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, DMSO injected LPS group, resveratrol injected LPS group, L-carnitine injected LPS group and apelin 13 injected LPS group. We observed that resveratrol, L-carnitine, and apelin treatments altered mitochondrial (QC) related protein levels (Pink1, Parkin, BNIP-3, Drp1, and PGC1α), decreased intra-renal RAS parameters, increased ATP level and upregulated Na⁺-K⁺ ATPase gene expression in renal tissue. Our results provide new insight into the role of mitochondrial quality control and how different antioxidants exert beneficial effects on acute kidney injury.

Keywords: Resveratrol; apelin; carnitine; kidney; mitochondria.