Comparison of Risk Scoring Systems in HLA-Matched Related Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Turk J Haematol. 2021 Jun 1;38(2):138-144. doi: 10.4274/tjh.galenos.2020.2020.0178. Epub 2020 Jun 16.

Abstract

Objective: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) is a potentially curative treatment of choice for many hematological diseases. However, there are some transplantation-related risks. Predicting the risk-benefit ratio prior to AHSCT facilitates the choice of conditioning regimens and posttransplant follow-up. Hence, many risk models have been developed. The aim of the present study was to compare 6 different risk models that are clinically used.

Materials and methods: A total of 259 patients were enrolled in this study. The European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT), Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Comorbidity Index (HCT-CI), Age-Adjusted Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Comorbidity Index (HCT-CI-Age), revised Pretransplant Assessment of Mortality (rPAM), Acute Leukemia-EBMT (AL-EBMT), and Disease Risk Index (DRI) risk models were applied retrospectively.

Results: The AL-EBMT, HCT-CI, and HCT-CI-Age scoring systems were found to be predictive for 2-year overall survival (OS) and 2-year non-relapse mortality (NRM) (2-year OS: AL-EBMT, reference vs. score 8.5-10, HR: 1.3, p=0.035; AL-EBMT, reference vs. score >10, HR: 3.8, p=0.001; HCT-CI: reference vs. score 1-2, HR: 1.4, p=0.018; HCT-CI: reference vs. score ≥3, HR: 2.5, p<0.001; HCT-CI-Age: reference vs. score 1-2, HR: 1.3, p<0.001; HCT-CI-Age: reference vs. score ≥3, HR: 3.2, p<0.001) (2-year NRM: AL-EBMT: reference vs. score 8.5-10, HR: 1.61, p<0.001; AL-EBMT: reference vs. score >10, HR: 3.3, p<0.001; HCT-CI: reference vs. score 1-2, HR: 1.3, p=0.028; HCT-CI: reference vs. score ≥3, HR: 2.3, p=0.011; HCT-CI-Age: reference vs. score 1-2, HR: 1.3, p=0.01; HCT-CI-Age: reference vs. score ≥3, HR: 2.4, p=0.003). In terms of the Kaplan-Meier estimates of 2-year OS and 2-year NRM, the risk scoring system with the highest predictive power was found to be AL-EBMT (2-year AUC: 0.59 and 0.60, respectively). The other scores were not found to be predictive for 2-year OS and NRM.

Conclusion: In the present study at our bone marrow and stem cell transplant center, it has been demonstrated that the HCT-CI, HCT-CI-Age, and AL-EBMT are good predictors of 2-year NRM and OS.

Amaç: Allojeneik hematopoetik kök hücre nakli (AHKHN) birçok hematolojik hastalıkta kullanılan potansiyel küratif bir tedavi seçeneğidir. Bununla birlikte nakil ilişkili bazı riskler bulunmaktadır. AHKHN öncesi risk-fayda oranının belirlenmesi, kullanılacak hazırlık rejimlerinin seçimi ve nakil sonrası hasta takibini kolaylaştırmaktadır. Bu nedenle birçok risk modeli geliştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, klinik kullanımı olan 6 farklı risk modelini karşılaştırılmasıdır.

Gereç ve yöntemler: Bu çalışmaya çeşitli hematolojik nedenlerle AHKHN yapılan 259 hasta alınmıştır. Avrupa Kan ve Kemik iliği Nakli Derneği (EBMT), Hematopoetik Hücre Transplantasyon Komorbidite İndeksi (HCT-CI), yaşa göre düzenlenmiş Hematopoetik Hücre Transplantasyon Komorbidite İndeksi (HCT-CI-Yaş), düzenlenmiş nakil öncesi mortalite değerlendirme skoru (rPAM), akut lösemi-EBMT skoru (AL-EBMT) ve hastalık risk indeksi (DRI) risk modelleri geriye dönük olarak uygulanmıştır.

Bulgular: HCT-CI, HCT-CI-Age ve AL-EBMT risk modelleri 2 yıllık genel sağkalım (OS) ve 2 yıllık NRM için prediktif bulundu (2 yıllık OS; AL-EBMT: referans vs skor 8,5-10 HR: 1,3 p=0,035 referans vs skor >10 HR: 3,8 p=0,001, HCT-CI: referans vs score 1-2 HR: 1,4 p=0,018 referans vs skor ≥3 HR: 2,5 p<0.001, HCT-CI-Age referans vs skor 1-2 HR: 1,3 p<0,001 referans vs skor ≥3 HR: 3,2 p<0,001 2 yıllık NRM: AL-EBMT: referans vs skor 8,5-10 HR: 1,61 p<0,001 referans vs skor >10 HR: 3,3 p<0,001 HCT-CI: referans vs skor 1-2 HR: 1,3 p=0,028 referans vs skor ≥3 HR: 2,3 p=0,011 HCT-CI-Age referance vs skor 1-2 HR: 1,3 p=0,01 referans vs skor ≥3 HR: 2,4 p=0,003). İki yıllık OS ve 2 yıllık NRM için, prediktif gücü en yüksek olan test AL-EBMT idi (sırasıyla 2 yıllık AUC; 0,59-0,60). Diğer modeller 2 yıllık OS ve NRM için prediktif değildi.

Sonuç: Referans nakil merkezimizde yapılan bu çalışmada, HCT-CI, HCT-CI-Yaş ve AL-EBMT risk modellerinin 2 yıllık NRM ve OS için iyi birer belirteç olduğu gösterilmiştir.

Keywords: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; Risk scoring; Acute leukemia.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aftercare / methods
  • Comorbidity
  • Female
  • Hematologic Diseases / epidemiology
  • Hematologic Diseases / mortality
  • Hematologic Diseases / therapy*
  • Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / adverse effects
  • Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation / mortality*
  • Histocompatibility Testing / methods*
  • Histocompatibility Testing / statistics & numerical data
  • Humans
  • Karnofsky Performance Status / statistics & numerical data
  • Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / epidemiology
  • Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / mortality
  • Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / therapy*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Predictive Value of Tests
  • Prognosis
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Assessment
  • Risk Factors
  • Transplantation Conditioning / methods
  • Transplantation Conditioning / trends
  • Transplantation, Homologous / methods
  • Transplantation, Homologous / statistics & numerical data*