Recent advances in the management of secondary hypertension: chronic kidney disease

Hypertens Res. 2020 Sep;43(9):869-875. doi: 10.1038/s41440-020-0491-4. Epub 2020 Jun 17.

Abstract

Hypertension in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the most commonly observed comorbidity and is a risk factor for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) as well as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. Therefore, suitable blood pressure (BP) control in CKD patients is very important in preventing both CVD and ESRD. We herein describe the recommendations of target BP and the pharmacological drug options from the evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for CKD in 2018 by the Japanese Society of Nephrology (JSN CKD 2018) and recent advances in the management of hypertension in CKD, including sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 2 inhibitors, mineralocorticoid receptor blockers, and renal denervation. In particular, SGLT2 inhibitors are a new class of "antihypertensive drugs" that have a homeostatic mechanism that regulates body fluid volume in addition to diuretic action, which may be closely associated with their cardiorenal protective properties.

Keywords: Chronic kidney disease (CKD); Fluid volume; Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) blocker; Renal denervation; Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antihypertensive Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Denervation
  • Humans
  • Hypertension / complications
  • Hypertension / drug therapy*
  • Kidney / innervation
  • Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists / therapeutic use
  • Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / complications*
  • Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors / therapeutic use

Substances

  • Antihypertensive Agents
  • Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists
  • Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors