Objective: Central cord syndrome (CCS) is the most common incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI), resulting in various degrees of neurologic compromise below the level of the affected cervical cord. The management of CCS is controversial regarding not only whether to surgically intervene, but also when surgery should occur. In this study, we conduct the largest multi-center study to date examining differences in inpatient outcomes, general discharge disposition, length of stay, and cost associated with early versus late surgical intervention for CCS.
Patients and methods: The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) was queried for years 2012-2015 for patients who underwent surgery with a primary diagnosis of CCS. The median interval between admission and intervention was noted. Patients operated upon prior to this timepoint were placed in the early surgery group, and others into the later surgery group. The groups were then compared, while using 1:1 propensity score matching to control for baseline presentation, with respect to mortality, discharge disposition, length of stay, and total charges.
Results: A total of 422 patients met inclusion and exclusion criteria. The median time from admission to intervention was 2 days. Patients with higher initial severity of injury were more likely to undergo early surgery. Upon controlling for severity of initial presentation, earlier intervention did not appear to affect mortality or post-operative length of stay. However, patients operated upon earlier had more favorable discharge destinations (p = 0.025) and a lower associated cost of care ($198,050.70 vs. $243,048.10, p = 0.009).
Conclusion: Earlier surgical intervention for CCS may result in better patient disposition and less total charges.
Level of evidence: III.
Keywords: Central cord syndrome; Cervical; Spine; Surgery; Timing.
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