Molecular landscape and clonal architecture of adult myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms

Blood. 2020 Oct 15;136(16):1851-1862. doi: 10.1182/blood.2019004229.

Abstract

More than 90% of patients with myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDSs/MPNs) harbor somatic mutations in myeloid-related genes, but still, current diagnostic criteria do not include molecular data. We performed genome-wide sequencing techniques to characterize the mutational landscape of a large and clinically well-characterized cohort including 367 adults with MDS/MPN subtypes, including chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML; n = 119), atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML; n = 71), MDS/MPN with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis (MDS/MPN-RS-T; n = 71), and MDS/MPN unclassifiable (MDS/MPN-U; n = 106). A total of 30 genes were recurrently mutated in ≥3% of the cohort. Distribution of recurrently mutated genes and clonal architecture differed among MDS/MPN subtypes. Statistical analysis revealed significant correlations between recurrently mutated genes, as well as genotype-phenotype associations. We identified specific gene combinations that were associated with distinct MDS/MPN subtypes and that were mutually exclusive with most of the other MDSs/MPNs (eg, TET2-SRSF2 in CMML, ASXL1-SETBP1 in aCML, and SF3B1-JAK2 in MDS/MPN-RS-T). Patients with MDS/MPN-U were the most heterogeneous and displayed different molecular profiles that mimicked the ones observed in other MDS/MPN subtypes and that had an impact on the outcome of the patients. Specific gene mutations also had an impact on the outcome of the different MDS/MPN subtypes, which may be relevant for clinical decision-making. Overall, the results of this study help to elucidate the heterogeneity found in these neoplasms, which can be of use in the clinical setting of MDS/MPN.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Alleles
  • Biomarkers
  • Bone Marrow
  • Chromosome Aberrations
  • Clonal Evolution* / genetics
  • Clonal Hematopoiesis* / genetics
  • Disease Susceptibility*
  • Exome Sequencing
  • Female
  • Genetic Predisposition to Disease
  • Genome-Wide Association Study
  • Genotype
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Mutation
  • Myelodysplastic-Myeloproliferative Diseases / diagnosis
  • Myelodysplastic-Myeloproliferative Diseases / etiology*
  • Myelodysplastic-Myeloproliferative Diseases / metabolism
  • Myelodysplastic-Myeloproliferative Diseases / mortality
  • Phenotype
  • Prognosis
  • Whole Genome Sequencing

Substances

  • Biomarkers