Surgical excision is the preferred treatment for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1)-related primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), although controversy regarding the surgical strategy exists. We retrospectively investigated the short-term outcomes of PHPT by various surgical extents. Thirty-three patients who underwent parathyroidectomy due to MEN1-related PHPT at Yonsei Severance Hospital between 2005 and 2018 were included (age [mean ± SD], 43.4 ± 14.1 [range, 23-81] years). Total parathyroidectomy with auto-transplantation to the forearm (TPX) was the most common surgical method (17/33), followed by less-than-subtotal parathyroidectomy (LPX; 12/33) and subtotal parathyroidectomy (SPX; 4/33). There was no postoperative persistent hyperparathyroidism. Recurrence was high in the LPX group without significance (1 in TPX, 2 in SPX, and 3 in LPX, p = 0.076). Permanent and transient hypoparathyroidism were more common in TPX (n = 6/17, 35.3%, p = 0.031; n = 4/17, 23.5%, p = 0.154, respectively). Parathyroid venous sampling (PVS) was introduced in 2013 for preoperative localisation of hyperparathyroidism at our hospital; nine among 19 patients operated on after 2013 underwent pre-parathyroidectomy PVS, with various surgical extents, and no permanent hypoparathyroidism (p = 0.033) or post-LPX recurrence was observed. Although TPX with auto-transplantation is the standard surgery for MEN1-related PHPT, surgical extent individualisation is necessary, given the postoperative hypoparathyroidism rate of TPX and feasibility of PVS.